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Determination of nonylphenol and its isomers in waters
Sedláček, Jaroslav ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on the issue of nonylphenol, degradation product of surfactants. Nonylphenol however most often arises in wastewater treatment plants predominantly during the microbial degradation of nonylphenol ethoxylates used in industry. It is a substance highly bioaccumulative, toxic predominantly to aquatic organisms. Furthermore, it belongs among hormone disruptors. The detailed research was prepared, on the basis which experimental part of diploma thesis was solved. Nonylphenol was determined in samples of the wastewater. The solid phase extraction (SPE) was used for the isolation of the analyte and purification of the extract. The final determination was performed on the gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry with time of flight analyzer (TOF). All steps of the preanalytical and the analytical procedure were optimized.
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Determination of drug residuals using separation methods
Vašíčková, Petra ; Opatřilová, Radka (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory substances became a very frequently used and constantly evolved group of the drugs, particularly in a human medicine. The risk of their penetration into the environment, especially to the water environment, is rising during the recent years. The diploma thesis is focused on a selection of appropriate separation method and optimization of analytical procedure for the identification and determination of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in sewage and surface waters. Salicylic acid, ketoprofen, diclofenac and ibuprofen were chosen from the wide range of NSAIDs as the most widespread agents of this drugs group in the medical practice. The method was optimized and elaborated using the model water samples. This method was used for determination of the analytes contained in the real water samples. Waste water samples were taken from the large-scale wastewater treatment plant in Brno-Modřice and surface water samples were taken from the Highlands river Křetínka. Solid phase extraction (SPE) was used for the real samples treatment and preconcentration, the determination was performed using the high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectroscopy method (LC-MS).
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Determination of drugs by HPLC with different detectors
Benešová, Markéta ; Opatřilová, Radka (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the determination of macrolide antibiotics in wastewater, especially with erythromycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin. In this time are these pharmaceuticals prescribed quite frequently. Solid phase extraction (SPE) was used for the isolation and the purification of selected analytes from an aqueous matrix; as the suitable procedure was found the using Oasis HLB cartridges. High performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (HPLC-MS) was optimized for its analysis of selected pharmaceuticals. The optimized method was used for the determination of pharmaceuticals in real water samples, which was taken at the inflow and the outflow of the urban wastewater treatment plant in Brno-Modřice.
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Determination of selected drugs in water
Tran Xuan, Tiep ; Tulková, Tereza (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Submitted thesis tackles the problem of numerous of antibiotics in waste water. Specifically, trimethroprim azithromycin and clarithomycin. In all of those cases we are dealing with a massive ecological threat at hand, causing harm to the enviroment. To isolation the specific kind of antibiotics the method of SPE was chosen by prior consultation with the supervisor. The method of high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection was deemed superrior for the pinpointing of the exact pharmaceuticals in waste watters. The waste waters in and out flow was observed for twelve days with the maintainance of all necessary procedures listed above at water treatment plants Brno-Modřice.
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Modification of sorbent for SPE
Mrenková, Nikola ; Lochman, Lukáš (advisor) ; Váňová, Nela (referee)
CHARLES UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF PHARMACY IN HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drugs Analysis Candidate: Nikola Mrenková Supervisor: PharmDr. Lukáš Lochman, Ph.D. Title of thesis: Modification of sorbent for SPE Sample preparation is one of the most critical points in the chromatographic analysis of biological samples. The success of the chromatographic analysis depends on it. The complex character of biological samples and the low concentrations of target analytes have led to the development of selective sample preparation techniques. Because of its universality and selectivity, solid-phase extraction (SPE) is one of the most widely used methods. Graphene, due to its unique properties (large specific surface area, delocalized π electron system, hydrophobic character), has become a suitable candidate as a substance for the development of a new type of sorbent for SPE. The submitted thesis was focused on the study of the properties of a modified stationary phase by graphene-based sorbent for SPE. Specifically, it involved the coupling of graphene oxide (GO) sheets to aminosilica gel via an amide bond between the carboxyl groups of GO and the amino groups of aminosilica and the reduction of GO by hydrazine to reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Model analytes with different...
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Determination of selected drugs in water
Tran Xuan, Tiep ; Tulková, Tereza (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Submitted thesis tackles the problem of numerous of antibiotics in waste water. Specifically, trimethroprim azithromycin and clarithomycin. In all of those cases we are dealing with a massive ecological threat at hand, causing harm to the enviroment. To isolation the specific kind of antibiotics the method of SPE was chosen by prior consultation with the supervisor. The method of high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection was deemed superrior for the pinpointing of the exact pharmaceuticals in waste watters. The waste waters in and out flow was observed for twelve days with the maintainance of all necessary procedures listed above at water treatment plants Brno-Modřice.
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Determination of nonylphenol and its isomers in waters
Sedláček, Jaroslav ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on the issue of nonylphenol, degradation product of surfactants. Nonylphenol however most often arises in wastewater treatment plants predominantly during the microbial degradation of nonylphenol ethoxylates used in industry. It is a substance highly bioaccumulative, toxic predominantly to aquatic organisms. Furthermore, it belongs among hormone disruptors. The detailed research was prepared, on the basis which experimental part of diploma thesis was solved. Nonylphenol was determined in samples of the wastewater. The solid phase extraction (SPE) was used for the isolation of the analyte and purification of the extract. The final determination was performed on the gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry with time of flight analyzer (TOF). All steps of the preanalytical and the analytical procedure were optimized.
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Determination of drugs by HPLC with different detectors
Benešová, Markéta ; Opatřilová, Radka (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the determination of macrolide antibiotics in wastewater, especially with erythromycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin. In this time are these pharmaceuticals prescribed quite frequently. Solid phase extraction (SPE) was used for the isolation and the purification of selected analytes from an aqueous matrix; as the suitable procedure was found the using Oasis HLB cartridges. High performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (HPLC-MS) was optimized for its analysis of selected pharmaceuticals. The optimized method was used for the determination of pharmaceuticals in real water samples, which was taken at the inflow and the outflow of the urban wastewater treatment plant in Brno-Modřice.
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Determination of drug residuals using separation methods
Vašíčková, Petra ; Opatřilová, Radka (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory substances became a very frequently used and constantly evolved group of the drugs, particularly in a human medicine. The risk of their penetration into the environment, especially to the water environment, is rising during the recent years. The diploma thesis is focused on a selection of appropriate separation method and optimization of analytical procedure for the identification and determination of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in sewage and surface waters. Salicylic acid, ketoprofen, diclofenac and ibuprofen were chosen from the wide range of NSAIDs as the most widespread agents of this drugs group in the medical practice. The method was optimized and elaborated using the model water samples. This method was used for determination of the analytes contained in the real water samples. Waste water samples were taken from the large-scale wastewater treatment plant in Brno-Modřice and surface water samples were taken from the Highlands river Křetínka. Solid phase extraction (SPE) was used for the real samples treatment and preconcentration, the determination was performed using the high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectroscopy method (LC-MS).
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Analysis of Fatty Acids in Diacylglyceroles and Triacylglyceroles of Body Fluids by Gass Chromatography
SCHNEEDORFEROVÁ, Ivana
Epinephrine is well known a stress hormone of mammals. The adipokinetic hormone (AKH) has the same function in insects. AKH is peptidic hormone; one species of insect possesses one or more types of AKH. Basically AKH is responsible for releasing of diacylglycerols (DGs) from fat body. Our experimental animal is common model organism, locust (Locusta migratoria). Those animal synthesizes three AKH types {--} AKH I, II and III. They differ in amino acid order in peptide, but having very similar influence on the organism. Recently used a routine sulfovaniline method for unsaturated fatty acids (FA) determination estimates only quantitatively the sum of double bounds in fatty acids. Our proposed method, perspective GC FID (Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detector), is very revolutionary being able to determinate particular fatty acid species and also their relative ratio. Aim of this study is to find a proper sample preparation method for GC FID technique and to investigate the influence of particular AKH to the locust organism and to statistically prove the differences in AKH influences. A locust haemolymph was subjected by very usual sample extraction by Folch and a routine SPE (solid phase extraction) method. An easy and rapid derivatization by sodium methanolate was the next sample preparation step followed by GC FID measurement. Acquired data were computed by PCA (principal component analyses). We gained a well-arranged graphical output confirming our thesis that each AKH species has a different influence on FA composition in locust heamolymph; AKH II having the greatest influence.
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